01154835

Component

https://doi.org/10.3141/2144-10

http://scholar.google.com...eddy&publication_year=2010

New York City Transit (NYCT) and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority have integrated race and income equity considerations into their extensive public outreach processes for fare changes. Responding to FTA civil rights, Title VI, and environmental justice requirements, NYCT developed two quantitative and analytical approaches for forecasting equity impacts of fare restructuring decisions, in place of more traditional origin–destination surveys. The first approach uses standard aggregate fare elasticity models to estimate diversions between different fare classes and ridership losses resulting from fare adjustments. Average fare changes by fare media type are disaggregated with historical farecard usage patterns (consumption data) by subway station and bus route and translated into demographic variables (minority or nonminority and at, below, or above poverty) on the basis of census data. Overall average fare changes are used to analyze equity impacts. A second, more experimental approach identifies user demographics by daily first swipe locations and estimates daily average fares as actually experienced by each passenger by using sequential transactions on discrete farecards. To meet ongoing requirements, methods were developed to analyze impacts separately for peak and off-peak time periods and to demonstrate equity by using statistical tests. Impact analyses results and historical ridership, revenue, and market share data collected by the MetroCard automated fare collection system all inform fare structure design processes, with particular attention devoted to distributing fare increase burdens equitably.

01323856

10-0280

English

pp 80-92

2010

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

9780309160469

Print

Figures (3) ; References (24) ; Tables (8)

Automatic fare collection; Data collection; Decision making; Demographics; Elasticity (Economics); Equity; Fares; Income; Off peak periods; Peak periods; Public transit

Civil Rights Act Title VI; New York City Transit Authority; New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority

Fare increases; Fare structure

New York (New York)

Administration and Management; Finance; Public Transportation; Society; I10: Economics and Administration

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Jan 25 2010 10:11AM

• Art in Transportation: Multimodal Overview
• Bicycling and Transit: A Marriage Unrealized
• Estimating Transit Accessibility with an Alternative Method Evidence from Broward County, Florida
• Five-Phase Approach to Improve Design of Printed Transit Information and to Monitor Impact on Customer Satisfaction
• Impact of Miami, Florida, Urban Partnership Agreement Phase 1A on Transit User Perceptions of I-95 Express Bus Service
• Impacts of Bus Rapid Transit Stations on Surrounding Single-Family Home Values: Study of East Busway in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Impacts of Gasoline Prices on New Jersey Transit Ridership
• Intermodal Transfer Between Bicycles and Rail Transit in Shanghai, China
• Is Light Rail More Attractive to Users Than Bus Transit? Arguments Based on Cognition and Rational Choice
• Measuring the Gap Between Car and Transit Accessibility: Estimating Access Using a High-Resolution Transit Network Geographic Information System
• Modeling the Spatial Impacts of Public Transport on Traffic Congestion Relief in Melbourne, Australia
• Monocentric City with Discrete Transit Stations
• Operationalizing Place Making in a Choice Experiment Context
• Optimization Methodology of Project Construction Scheduling for Intermodal Terminal Planning Problems
• Quantifying the Benefits: Application of Customer Loyalty Modeling in Public Transportation Context
• Regional and Modal Variability in Effects of Gasoline Prices on U.S. Transit Ridership
• Social Experiment to Encourage Drive-Alone Commuters to Try Transit
• Travel Time and Transfer Analysis Using Transit Smart Card Data
• Wayfinding-Oriented Design for Passenger Guidance Signs in Large-Scale Transit Center in China
• What Does It Take for Shuttles to Succeed? Comparison of Stated Preferences and Reality of Shuttle Success in New Jersey