01099222

Component

https://doi.org/10.3141/2088-14

http://scholar.google.com...avis&publication_year=2008

Unlike traditional car-following models that preclude vehicle collisions, a proposed model aims to emulate less-than-perfect everyday driving while capturing both safe and unsafe driver behavior. Most important, a realistic perception–response process is incorporated into the model on the basis of developments from visual perception studies. Driver inattention is characterized by a driver-specific variable called the scanning interval. This variable, when coupled with the driver’s visual perception–response process, results in variable reaction times that are dependent not only on each driver’s individual characteristics but also on instantaneous traffic conditions such as speed and density. This allows closer emulation of real-life human driving and its interactions with surrounding vehicles. Both inter- and intradriver variations in reaction time are captured in a plausible and coherent manner; in earlier studies, reaction time either was presumed fixed or was of limited variability. Furthermore, parameters of this model have a direct physical and behavioral meaning; this implies that vehicle collisions, if any, can be analyzed for behavioral patterns rather than simply being treated as numerical artifacts. In all, 54 detailed and accurate vehicle trajectories extracted from 10 real-life crashes were used to test the model’s capability of replicating freeway rear-end collisions. High-resolution crash-free trajectory data were used to validate the model against normal driving behavior. Test results indicate that the proposed model is able to replicate both normal and unsafe driving behavior that could lead to vehicle collisions. The feasibility of integrating the proposed model with existing microsimulators is discussed. The outcome of this work could facilitate studying crash mechanisms at a high-definition microscopic level and could enable safety-related system design improvements and evaluation through microsimulation software.

01121596

English

pp 126-137

2008

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

9780309126038

Print

Figures (5) ; Photos (1) ; References (47) ; Tables (3)

Attention lapses; Behavior; Car following; Crashes; Drivers; Following distance; Microsimulation; Reaction time; Rear end crashes; Traffic flow; Traffic simulation; Vehicle spacing; Vehicle trajectories

Highways; Operations and Traffic Management; Safety and Human Factors; I71: Traffic Theory; I83: Accidents and the Human Factor

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Jan 29 2008 4:33PM

• Asymptotic Stability and Vehicle Safety in Dynamic Car-Following Platoon
• Calibrating Car-Following Models by Using Trajectory Data: Methodological Study
• Comparison of Simulation-Based and Model-Based Calibrations of Traffic-Flow Microsimulation Models
• Comparisons of Speed–Spacing Relations Under General Car Following Versus Lane Changing
• Desired Speed Distributions on Two-Lane Highways Under Various Conditions
• Empirical Measurement of Freeway Oscillation Characteristics: An International Comparison
• Empirical Study of Behavioral Theory of Traffic Flow: Analysis of Recurrent Bottleneck
• Estimating Acceleration and Lane-Changing Dynamics from Next Generation Simulation Trajectory Data
• Estimating Individual Speed–Spacing Relationship and Assessing Ability of Newell’s Car-Following Model to Reproduce Trajectories
• Evaluation of Corridor Traffic Management and Planning Strategies That Use Microsimulation: A Case Study
• FASTLANE: New Multiclass First-Order Traffic Flow Model
• From Existing Accident-Free Car-Following Models to Colliding Vehicles: Exploration and Assessment
• Lane Selection Model for Urban Intersections
• Macroscopic Modeling Framework Unifying Kinematic Wave Modeling and Three-Phase Traffic Theory
• Microsimulation Calibration Using Speed–Flow Relationships
• Modeling Driver Behavior as Sequential Risk-Taking Task
• New Behavioral Model for Microscopic Freeway Traffic-Flow Simulation
• On-Ramp Metering Based on Three-Phase Traffic Theory Downstream Off-Ramp and Upstream On-Ramp Bottlenecks
• Oversaturated Freeway Flow Algorithm for Use in Next Generation Simulation
• Use of Microsimulation to Model Day-to-Day Variability of Intersection Performance
• Validity of Trajectory-Based Calibration Approach of Car-Following Models in Presence of Measurement Errors
• What Do Different Traffic Flow Models Mean for System-Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment in a Many-to-One Network?