00183777

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http://onlinepubs.trb.org...r/1978/665v2/665v2-004.pdf

https://scholar.google.co...kolb&publication_year=1978

Prior to the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, bridges in California experienced only minor seismic related damage. The San Fernando event demonstrated that structures designed by AASHTO Specifications in use at that time are vulnerable to seismic shaking. Failure of these bridges during an earthquake could be hazardous to highway users and block vital transportation life-lines. The State of California initiated a bridge retrofitting program in 1971 in order to increase the seismic resistance of bridges built before that time. The most prevalent deficiency of pre-1971 bridges is a lack of longitudinal restraint of girders at hinges and end supports. California has developed devices which will have been used to retrofit more than 649 bridges at a cost of $22 million by 1980. An evaluation of all state owned bridges is currently being made in order to complete the program. Many of the bridge columns which were designed according to specifications prior to 1971 were proven to be seismically deficient because they had too few ties to adequately confine the concrete. This paper and presentation will cover a brief background, philosophy, magnitude of the problem, design criteria, details and costs. /Author/

This paper appeared in Transportation Research Record No. 665, Bridge Engineering, Volume 2. Proceeding of a conference conducted by the Transportation Research Board. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reservedrd, September 25-27, 1978.

01489599

pp 31-36

1978

Transportation Research Record

Bridge Engineering Conference, 1st, 1978, St Louis, Missouri, USA

0309026970

Print

Figures (15)

Bridge design; Bridges; Concrete bridges; Design; Earthquake resistant design; Earthquake resistant structures; Earthquakes; Highway bridges; Hinges; Railroad ties; Reconstruction; Retrofitting; Seismology; Specifications; Structural design; Travelers

Design criteria

Bridges and other structures; Design; Highways; Society

TRIS, TRB

Dec 12 1978 12:00AM

• A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE WAVE EQUATION
• AERODYNAMIC STABILITY OF TWO CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
• ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF A TRAPEZOIDAL BOX GIRDER BRIDGE
• APPLICATION AND DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED DECK PANELS
• APPLICATION OF PREFABRICATED HOLLOW STEEL DECKS TO BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS
• CONCRETE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
• CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EARLY WARNING VESSEL/BRIDGE COLLISION SYSTEM
• CURRENT PRACTICE IN DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF DRIVEN PILES
• DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBUTION FOR BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
• DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A SINGLE TRACK RAILWAY TRUSS BRIDGE
• DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF BRIDGES
• ECONOMICAL STRUCTURES FOR LOW-VOLUME ROADS
• FATIGUE TESTS OF PRESTRESSED GIRDERS WITH BLANKETED AND DRAPED STRANDS
• LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDIES OF A PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE COMPOSED OF GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC
• METHODS OF CALCULATION OF THE WIND-INDUCED RESPONSES OF SUSPENDED-SPAN BRIDGES
• MODEL STUDIES OF DOUBLE-CELL BOX GIRDER BRIDGE WITH INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGMS
• MULTIPLE SERVICE LEVEL BRIDGE RAILINGS--PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN CRITERIA
• PRACTICAL BRIDGE RETROFIT CONCEPTS TO REDUCE DAMAGE PRODUCED BY SEISMIC MOTIONS
• RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN CONCRETE BRIDGES
• REDUCING THE RISK OF CATASTROPHIC BRIDGE FAILURES
• SEGMENTAL AND STAGE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX GIRDER BRIDGES
• SEGMENTAL BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN WESTERN EUROPE--IMPRESSIONS OF AN IRF STUDY TEAM
• STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS FOR THE MESSINA NARROWS BRIDGE
• SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR SHORT-SPAN CONCRETE BRIDGES
• TEST RESULTS FROM THE CONESTOGO RIVER BRIDGE
• THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW RIVER GORGE BRIDGE
• THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONTARIO HIGHWAY BRIDGE DESIGN CODE
• TRAFFIC LOADING OF LONG SPAN BRIDGES
• TRANSVERSE POST-TENSIONING OF LONGITUDINALLY LAMINATED TIMBER BRIDGE DECKS
• WEB STRESSES IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE BEAMS HAVING DISCONTINUOUS TENDONS