00621705

Component

http://onlinepubs.trb.org...trr/1991/1320/1320-030.pdf

https://scholar.google.co...sani&publication_year=1991

A model of crowd behavior and movement in the Jamarat system, which is a critical bottleneck during the Hajj, the Muslims' annual pilgrimage to Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is described. The model consists of a set of partial differential equations that are solved numerically following a discretization of time and space. Mathematical relations are defined for three fundamental processes: (a) radial movement, (b) lateral movement, and (c) stoning process. These relations are developed and calibrated using actual measurements taken at the site. As a result, a bidirectional speed-concentration model is developed to describe radial movement, revealing that the impedance to movement from facility users going in the same direction is about twice that from those going in the opposite direction. The overall model is applied to the evaluation of possible design and control strategies aimed at improving the efficiency and throughput of the system.

This paper appears in Transportation Research Record No. 1320, Freeway Operations, Highway Capacity, and Traffic Flow 1991. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

01407170

0000-0002-8443-8928

p. 260-268

1991

Transportation Research Record

0309051533

Figures (7) ; References (34)

Behavior; Crowds; Field studies; Partial differential equations; Pedestrians; Police operations; Simulation; Special events

Field data

Saudi Arabia

Highways; Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Security and Emergencies; Society; I71: Traffic Theory

TRIS, TRB

Apr 30 1992 12:00AM

• ALINEA: A LOCAL FEEDBACK CONTROL LAW FOR ON-RAMP METERING
• ASSESSMENT OF THE TRAFFIC EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYSIS SIMULATION COMPUTER MODEL USING FIELD DATA
• BENEFITS OF CENTRAL COMPUTER CONTROL FOR DENVER RAMP-METERING SYSTEM
• CAPACITY AND DELAY CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO-WAY STOP-CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS
• CHARACTERISTICS AND LEVEL-OF-SERVICE ESTIMATION OF TRAFFIC FLOW ON TWO-LANE RURAL ROADS IN FINLAND
• DELAY EFFECTS ON DRIVER GAP ACCEPTANCE CHARACTERISTICS AT TWO-WAY STOP-CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS
• DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE DESIGN-HOUR VOLUMES FOR URBAN FREEWAYS IN LARGE TEXAS CITIES
• EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CONGESTED TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AND FREE SPEED AFFECTED BY GEOMETRIC FACTORS ON AN INTERCITY EXPRESSWAY
• ENHANCEMENT AND FIELD TESTING OF A DYNAMIC FREEWAY SIMULATION PROGRAM
• EVALUATION OF HIGH-VOLUME URBAN TEXAS FREEWAYS
• EXAMINATION OF THE SPEED-FLOW RELATIONSHIP AT THE CALDECOTT TUNNEL
• FLOW AND CAPACITY CHARACTERISTICS ON TWO-LANE RURAL HIGHWAYS
• FREEWAY CAPACITY DROP AND THE DEFINITION OF CAPACITY
• FREEWAY CONTROL USING A DYNAMIC TRAFFIC FLOW MODEL AND VEHICLE REIDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES
• IMPROVED DATA SCREENING TECHNIQUES FOR FREEWAY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF FREEWAY CORRIDOR SIMULATION MODELS
• LESS-THAN-TRUCKLOAD TRUCKING IN LOS ANGELES: CONGESTION RELIEF THROUGH TERMINAL SITING
• OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF TRUCK RESTRICTIONS ON I-20 IN TEXAS
• PROCEDURE FOR VALIDATION OF MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC FLOW SIMULATION MODELS
• PROPOSED ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE OF MAJOR FREEWAY WEAVING SECTIONS
• REAL-TIME EXPERT SYSTEM APPROACH TO FREEWAY INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
• REAL-TIME KNOWLEDGE-BASED INTEGRATION OF FREEWAY SURVEILLANCE DATA
• SATURATION FLOW: DO WE SPEAK THE SAME LANGUAGE?
• SIMULATION OF TWO- AND FOUR-WAY STOP CONTROL
• THE TWO-CAPACITY PHENOMENON: SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES
• TOLL PLAZA CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE
• TOWARD A NEW GERMAN GUIDELINE FOR CAPACITY OF UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
• TRAFFIC OPERATION OF BICYCLE TRAFFIC
• TWO-CAPACITY PHENOMENON AT FREEWAY BOTTLENECKS: A BASIS FOR RAMP METERING?