00621407

Component

http://onlinepubs.trb.org...trr/1991/1312/1312-011.pdf

https://scholar.google.co...nick&publication_year=1991

Improvements in urban air quality remain elusive in large cities throughout the world, including those in the United States where efforts have continued over 20 years to reduce emissions from vehicles and other sources. Although technological advances in gasoline and diesel-fueled vehicles and in their emission control systems and fuel have resulted in impressive emissions reudctions, the combination of more vehicle-miles traveled and other factors offsets these improvements. Tightening further vehicle emissions standards in developed countries would be costly and -- judging by the continuing presence of ambient ozone in urban areas -- ineffective policy. Rather, efforts to target high-emissions vehicles and to impose fees on fuels, vehicles, or emissions may prove to be more cost-effective. For developing countries, the removal of lead from motor fuels and imposition of economic incentives to control transportation are potentially cost-effective strategies.

This paper appears in Transportation Research Record No. 1312, Energy and Environmental Issues 1991. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

01407134

p. 90-98

1991

Transportation Research Record

0309051207

References (39) ; Tables (1)

Air pollution; Air quality management; Cost effectiveness; Developing countries; Transportation policy; Travel demand management; Unleaded gasoline; Urban areas

Highways; Policy; Public Transportation

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Apr 30 1992 12:00AM

• ALTIMETRIC SENSING OF CURRENTS: SPATIAL AVERAGING AND SAMPLING IMPACTS ON OCEAN ROUTING
• COMPARISON OF INTERSECTION AIR QUALITY MODELS' ABILITY TO SIMULATE CARBON MONOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN AN URBAN AREA
• COOPERATION BETWEEN STATE HIGHWAY AND ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES IN DEALING WITH HAZARDOUS WASTE IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY
• CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SOUND INSULATION IN HOMES AROUND COMMERCIAL AIRPORTS
• EFFECTS OF ROAD SURFACE TEXTURE ON TRAFFIC AND VEHICLE NOISE
• ELECTROKINETIC SOIL PROCESSING IN WASTE REMEDIATION AND TREATMENT: SYNTHESIS OF AVAILABLE DATA
• FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH ELECTROKINETICS AT A SUPERFUND SITE
• FORT HOOD NOISE STUDY
• FULL-SCALE TESTING OF SINGLE AND PARALLEL HIGHWAY NOISE BARRIERS
• IMPACT AND POTENTIAL USE OF ATTITUDE AND OTHER MODIFYING VARIABLES IN REDUCING COMMUNITY REACTION TO NOISE
• INTERNAL CONSISTENCY AND STABILITY OF MEASUREMENTS OF COMMUNITY REACTION TO NOISE
• MANAGING TRUCKS FOR AIR QUALITY: CURRENT WORK IN PROGRESS
• MITIGATION OF TRAFFIC MORTALITY OF ENDANGERED BROWN PELICANS ON COASTAL BRIDGES
• MODE SPLIT AT LARGE SPECIAL EVENTS AND EFFECTS ON AIR QUALITY
• MODEL CALCULATION OF ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY TRAFFIC FLOWS IN URBAN NETWORKS
• PREPARATION OF HIGHWAY VEHICLE EMISSION INVENTORIES
• PRICING OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE SWEDISH TRANSPORT POLICY
• SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR LAND USE, TRANSPORTATION, AND AIR QUALITY
• SITE REMEDIATION BY IN SITU VITRIFICATION
• SPECIAL EVENTS AND CARBON MONOXIDE VIOLATIONS: TSM, CROWD CONTROL, ECONOMICS, AND SOLUTIONS TO ADVERSE AIR QUALITY IMPACTS
• TECHNIQUES FOR AESTHETIC DESIGN OF FREEWAY NOISE BARRIERS