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Title: IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL-CEMENT WITH ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS & DISCUSSION
Accession Number: 00231333
Record Type: Component
Abstract: A LARGE NUMBER OF SOILS OF WIDELY DIFFERING GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN, FINENESS AND MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION HAVE BEEN TESTED TO DETERMINE THEIR RESPONSE TO STABILIZATION BY PORTLAND CEMENT IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF A SELECTED GROUP OF ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS AT LOW CONCENTRATION. THE TESTS SHOWED THAT, WITH VIRTUALLY ALL SOILS STUDIED, CEMENT- STABILIZATION (AS MEASURED BY SOAKED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AFTER VARYING PERIODS OF HUMID CURE) CAN BE SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED 2- TO 10-FOLD) BY THE INCORPORATION OF RELATIVELY SMALL QUANTITIES OF SODIUM COMPOUNDS WHICH FORM INSOLUBLE COMPOUNDS WITH CALCIUM. THE MOST BENEFICIAL ADDITIVES ARE CAUSTIC SODA, SODA ASH, SODIUM SULFITE, SODIUM SULFATE, SODIUM METASILICATE, AND SODIUM ALUMINATE. LITHIUM AND POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS ACT SIMILARLY BUT LESS EFFECTIVELY. OPTIMUM ADDITIVES CONCENTRATION IS FOUND TO CORRESPOND VERY NEARLY TO A SODIUM ION CONCENTRATION IN THE MOLDING WATER OF 1.0 N, THAT IS, BETWEEN 0.5 AND 2.5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT, DEPENDING ON SOIL AND ADDITIVE. CAUSTIC SODA IS FOUND TO BE THE MOST BENEFICIAL ADDITIVE IN HEAVY CLAY SOILS, SODIUM METASILICATE IN CLEAN SANDS, AND SODIUM ALUMINATE AND SODIUM SULFATE IN SILTS. SODIUM SULFATE APPEARS TO BE UNIQUELY EFFECTIVE IN ORGANIC SANDS. USE OF THESE ADDITIVES NOT ONLY PERMITS MORE ECONOMICAL STABILIZATION OF SOILS RESPONSIVE TO CEMENT, BUT ALSO ALLOWS SUCCESSFUL STABILIZATION OF SOILS WHICH NORMALLY CANNOT BE STABILIZED WITH CEMENT AT ECONOMIC LEVELS. AN HYPOTHESIS TO EXPLAIN THE ACTION OF THESE ADDITIVES IS PROPOSED. ALTHOUGH THE FORMULATIONS DEVELOPED MUST AWAIT EXTENSIVE DURABILITY TESTS TO ESTABLISH THEIR FIELD SERVICEABILITY, CURRENT RESULTS INDICATE THAT CHEMICALLY MODIFIED SOIL-CEMENT OFFERS CONSIDERABLE PROMISE AS A LOW-COST SOIL STABILIZATION METHOD. /AUTHOR/
Supplemental Notes: No 241, pp 67-108, 22 FIG, 13 TAB, 14 REF Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Monograph Title: Soil stabilization with asphalt, Portland cement, lime and chemicals Monograph Accession #: 01410633
Language: English
Authors: Lambe, T WMichaels, A SMOH, Z CDiscussers: Norling, L T; Packard, R G
Pagination: 42p
Publication Date: 1960
Serial: Media Type: Digital/other
TRT Terms: Old TRIS Terms: Subject Areas: Economics; Geotechnology; Highways
Files: TRIS, TRB
Created Date: Aug 15 2004 2:41AM
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