01839663

Component

https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221082572

Vehicle electrification delivers fast decarbonization benefits by significantly improving vehicle efficiency and relying on less carbon-intense feedstocks. As power grids transition away from carbon-intensive generation and battery energy density improves, the transportation sector’s greenhouse gas savings may deliver upwards of a 75% reduction in current carbon footprint for many nations. Actual savings depend on many variables, like power grid feedstocks, charging rates and schedules, driver behavior, and weather. A special synergy between power and transportation sectors comes via managed charging and second-life battery uses for energy storage systems. This paper reviews the added carbon and energy savings that can come from these two strategies. If charging stations are widely available at one’s destination, utility-controlled managed charging could reduce emissions from electric vehicle charging by one-third. Downcycling electric vehicle batteries for energy storage can also lower peaker power plant use, avoid curtailment of renewable feedstocks, and lessen households’ power-based carbon footprints by half—or contribute up to 5% of grid power capacity.

B2U-ESSSecond-life battery use for energy storage systemsBEVBattery electric vehicleBSSBattery storage systemBTMBehind-the-meterCO2Carbon dioxideDRDemand responseDSMDemand-side managementEIAU.S. Energy Information AdministrationEVElectric vehicleEVSEElectric vehicle supply equipmentGHGGreenhouse gasGWGigawattGWhGigawatt-hourGWPGlobal warming potentialHDVHeavy-duty vehicleICEVInternal combustion engine vehicleIEAInternational Energy AgencyISOIndependent System OperatorkWKilowattkWhKilowatt-hourLDVLight-duty vehicleLIBLithium-ion batteryMCManaged chargingMDVMedium-duty vehicleMEFMarginal emission factorMWMegawattMWhMegawatt-hourNERCNorth American Electric Reliability CorporationNHTSU.S. National Household Travel SurveyNRELNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryOEMOriginal equipment manufacturerPbALead-acid (battery)PEVPlug-in electric vehicle (includes PHEVs and BEVs)PHEVPlug-in hybrid electric vehiclePVPhotovoltaicRESRenewable energy sourceRPSRenewable portfolio standardTOUTime-of-useV1GA term for managed chargin

English

0000-0002-0346-4316

0000-0003-4763-1304

pp 24-43

2022-8

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

Web

References (122)

Electric batteries; Electric vehicle charging; Electric vehicles; Energy storage systems; Greenhouse gases; Sustainable transportation

Energy; Environment; Highways; Vehicles and Equipment

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Mar 19 2022 3:00PM

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