01624855

Component

https://doi.org/10.3141/2661-10

Pedestrian exposure refers to a pedestrian’s contact with vehicular traffic that can create opportunities for collisions. A myriad of metrics exists to estimate pedestrian exposure, but no consensus has been reached on what metrics should be adopted. Hence this study attempted to synthesize previous studies and recommend methods for estimating pedestrian exposure, with a focus on rural and small urban areas. Five general types of exposure metrics emerged: from area-based measures (e.g., zonal walk miles traveled), through more granular metrics at the point or segment level, to advanced metrics that utilize the behavioral attributes of walk trips (e.g., space–time prism and discrete choice). In addition, the study used a finite mixture model to estimate a household-level pedestrian exposure measure for rural and small urban settings with the use of the National Household Travel Survey 2009 data. The model accounted for household characteristics (e.g., income and vehicle ownership), regional factors, and block group level attributes (e.g., population density and land use). The results show that the finite mixture model outperformed the negative binomial and zero-inflated models. The results can be used to infer the number of walk trips at as small as the block group level or be inserted into a four-step travel demand model to create point- or segment-based measures where pedestrian network is defined.

01650112

17-06576

English

pp 84–94

2017

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

9780309441940

Digital/other

Figures (1) ; References (65) ; Tables (4)

Pedestrian safety; Pedestrian vehicle interface; Pedestrians; Rural areas; Small cities

Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Planning and Forecasting; Safety and Human Factors

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Dec 8 2016 12:41PM

• Beaconing Signalization Substantially Reduces Blind Pedestrians’ Veer on Snow-Covered Pavement
• Comparison of Analytical Methods on Staged Pedestrian Crossings at Crosswalks with a Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon
• Comparison of Time-Proximity and Evasive Action Conflict Measures: Case Studies from Five Cities
• Evaluation of North Carolina Adaptation of NHTSA’s Child Pedestrian Safety Curriculum
• Factors Affecting Driver Yielding Compliance at Uncontrolled Midblock Crosswalks on Low-Speed Roadways
• Introducing the Pedestrian Accessibility Tool: Walkability Analysis for a Geographic Information System
• Measuring Walking Accessibility in Metropolitan Areas
• Real-World Demonstrations of Novel Pedestrian Crosswalk Lighting
• Self-Reported Behaviors and Habits of Distracted College Pedestrians While Walking
• The Missing Middle: Filling the Gap Between Walkability and Observed Walking Behavior
• Using Embodied Videos of Walking Interviews in Walkability Assessment
• Validation of an Agent-Based Microscopic Pedestrian Simulation Model at a Scramble Phase Signalized Intersection
• Wayfinding Problems for Blind Pedestrians at Noncorner Crosswalks: Novel Solution