01366199

Component

https://doi.org/10.3141/2316-08

http://scholar.google.com...oorn&publication_year=2012

Emergency doors may be bottlenecks in the evacuation of a building. When a pedestrian simulation model is used to assess designs of buildings, the model should accurately predict the behavior of pedestrians around emergency doors and thus the doors’ capacity. Data from laboratory experiments were used to calibrate the pedestrian simulation model Nomad. In these experiments, large heterogeneous groups of people passed through a door under evacuation conditions. The collected trajectory data were used as input for an automated calibration procedure, which yielded parameter estimates for individual pedestrians. This automated calibration procedure has been extended through inclusion of data from multiple pedestrians into a single estimate. This change overcomes convergence problems because the log likelihood is insensitive to changes in some of the parameters and because of the problems of unrealistic parameter estimates. The resulting parameter distributions provided insight into pedestrian behavior. Dedicated parameter sets for the elderly, adults, and children were estimated. The parameter sets and thus behaviors of the types of pedestrians were compared and showed that different behavior was indeed observed.

01474809

12-3171

English

pp 69–75

2012

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

9780309263221

Print

Figures; Photos; References; Tables

Adults; Aged; Behavior; Calibration; Children; Emergency exits; Evacuation; Pedestrian movement; Pedestrians; Simulation

NOMAD (Computer program)

Pedestrian bottlenecks

Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Security and Emergencies; I71: Traffic Theory

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Feb 8 2012 5:14PM

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• Development of Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model for Safety Assessment at Signalized Intersections
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• Driving Behavior in Emergency Situations: Psychospacing Modeling Approach
• Dynamic Simulation Assignment Model for Pedestrian Movements in Crowded Networks
• Exit Choice Decisions During Pedestrian Evacuations of Buildings
• Influence of Midblock Pedestrian Crossings on Urban Street Capacity
• Integrated Lane Change Model with Relaxation and Synchronization
• Modeling Concepts for Mixed Traffic: Steps Toward a Microscopic Simulation Tool for Shared Space Zones
• Modeling Driver, Driver Support, and Cooperative Systems with Dynamic Optimal Control
• Numerical Analysis for Adaptive Traffic Simulation
• Phase Transition Model Based on Driver Reaction Time and Sensitivity
• Safety First: Microsimulation Approach to Assessing Congestion Effects on Risk Experienced by Drivers
• Simplified Model for Pedestrian–Vehicle Interactions at Road Crossings Based on Discrete Events System