01151041

Component

https://doi.org/10.3141/2198-02

http://scholar.google.com...tman&publication_year=2010

The empirical Bayesian method, currently the industry standard for before-and-after collision analysis, was used to perform post hoc tests on the efficacy of high-visibility school (yellow, continental-style) crosswalks in the city of San Francisco, California. Statistical analysis compared the number of collisions predicted for the after period had the enhanced crosswalks not been installed with the number of collisions observed. The analysis used data for 54 treated intersections with high-visibility crosswalks and 54 control intersections, each chosen for its geographical proximity to a treated intersection. The results from this analysis suggest a statistically significant reduction in the numbers of collisions at the intersections with high-visibility crosswalks. The estimated reduction is 37%, with the 95% confidence interval ranging from 13% to 60%. Potential limitations of this analysis, including a constant traffic volume input over time and a background reduction in collisions citywide, are discussed. In addition to the safety benefit attributable to high-visibility crosswalk markings, high-visibility crosswalks likely contribute to a sense of pedestrian comfort and overall design amenity. Future studies would enhance these results by evaluating other factors that may affect pedestrian safety at school crosswalks, such as changes in driver or pedestrian behavior and increased awareness of crosswalks and pedestrian activity.

01331205

10-1903

English

pp 8-14

2010

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

9780309160742

Print

Figures (1) ; References (11) ; Tables (3)

Before and after studies; Crosswalks; Pedestrian safety; Pedestrian vehicle crashes; School crossings; Statistical analysis; Visibility; Yellow

Empirical Bayes method

San Francisco (California)

Highways; Operations and Traffic Management; Pedestrians and Bicyclists; Safety and Human Factors; I73: Traffic Control; I80: Accident Studies

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Jan 25 2010 10:53AM

• Assessing Use of Pedestrian Crash Data to Identify Unsafe Transit Service Segments for Safety Improvements
• Association Between Roadway Intersection Characteristics and Pedestrian Crash Risk in Alameda County, California
• Automated Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflicts: Context for Before-and-After Studies
• Development and Implementation of a Vehicle–Pedestrian Conflict Analysis Method: Adaptation of a Vehicle–Vehicle Technique
• Driver and Pedestrian Behavior at Uncontrolled Crosswalks in Tahoe Basin Recreation Area of California
• Effect of Pedestrian Safety Retraining for Elementary and Middle School Students
• Effect of Street Network Design on Walking and Biking
• Incorporating Bicycle and Pedestrian Topics in University Transportation Courses: A National Scan
• Modeling the Evacuation of Large-Scale Crowded Pedestrian Facilities
• Multimodal Driveway Design
• Pedestrian Safety Prediction Methodology for Urban Signalized Intersections
• Quantifying Bicyclists’ Perceptions of Shared-Use Paths Adjacent to the Roadway
• Real-Time System for Tracking and Classification of Pedestrians and Bicycles
• Relationships and Characteristics of Pedestrian Traffic Flow in Confined Passageways
• Safety Effectiveness of Leading Pedestrian Intervals Evaluated by a Before–After Study with Comparison Groups
• Signal Timing Optimization Models for Two-Stage Midblock Pedestrian Crossing