00745792

Component

http://onlinepubs.trb.org...onf/1996/cp16/cp16-015.pdf

During spring 1994, vegetation damage to a remarkable and previously unknown extent was observed along many heavily used roads in southern Sweden. An investigation was conducted to determine the cause of vegetation damage along Highways E20 and 48 by performing a damage survey and measurement of sodium and chloride concentrations in pine and spruce needles, groundwater, and soil. At the same time, changes in salt concentration in groundwater and soil in two previously studied areas close to E20 were documented. The extensive damage to vegetation probably can be attributed to three interacting factors: the large amount of deicing salt applied during the winter of 1993-1994, the lateness of the last salting, and the hot, dry weather during the budding season. This conclusion is supported by the damage observations and the very high sodium and chloride concentrations in pine and spruce needles along the roads. In extreme cases, the sodium concentration was >1,000 ppm (dry weight) in current-year needles and >5,000 ppm in needles from the previous year. The concentrations decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the road and, similarly, the needles in branches turned toward the road had higher salt concentrations than needles in branches turned in other directions. The groundwater and soil from an area along E20 showed greatly increased sodium and chloride concentrations, especially next to the road, compared with previous measurements. The increased concentration can be explained only by the increase in road salting.

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00745777

English

p. 111-117

1997

Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings

Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology

0309062160

Digital/other

Figures (4) ; References (4) ; Tables (2)

Chloride content; Deicing chemicals; Groundwater; Loss and damage; Roadside; Sodium; Soils; Vegetation

Damage severity

Sweden

Geotechnology; Highways; Maintenance and Preservation; I62: Winter Maintenance

TRIS, TRB

Feb 24 1998 12:00AM

• ACTIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING OF ROAD SURFACE CONDITIONS
• ANTI-ICING FIELD EVALUATION
• APPLICATION OF A ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM
• BENEFIT-COST COMPARISON OF SALT-ONLY VERSUS SALT-ABRASIVE MIXTURES USED IN WINTER HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE IN THE UNITED STATES
• COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF SNOW-REMOVING CHANNELS IN AN URBAN AREA WITH HEAVY SNOWFALL
• EFFECTS OF STUDDED TIRE REGULATION ON ROAD ENVIRONMENTS AND TRAFFIC CONDITIONS IN HOKKAIDO
• FIELD TEST OF ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER ROAD MAINTENANCE IN HOKKAIDO
• FIELD TEST RESULTS OF INTELLIGENT DELINEATOR SYSTEM: INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR WINTER TRAFFIC
• GUIDANCE FOR SUCCESSFUL ANTI-ICING OPERATIONS BASED ON U.S. EXPERIENCE
• MODEL EXPERIMENT AND FIELD OBSERVATION OF A SNOW AVALANCHE DEFLECTOR
• PREDICTING SLIPPERINESS OF ROAD SURFACE IN WINTER WITH A NEURAL-KALMAN FILTER
• PRODUCTION OF LOW-COST ACETATE DEICERS FROM BIOMASS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES
• REAL-TIME ROAD ICE PREDICTION AND ITS IMPROVEMENT IN ACCURACY THROUGH A SELF-LEARNING PROCESS
• SOCIOECONOMIC CALCULATIONS FOR WINTER TIRES
• TEST AND EVALUATION OF CALCIUM MAGNESIUM ACETATE-SODIUM CHLORIDE MIXTURES IN SWEDEN
• THEORETICAL BACKGROUND FOR USE OF A ROAD WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM
• VARIABLE SLIP FRICTION MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR SNOW AND ICE OPERATIONS
• WEATHER-RELATED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT IN THE E18 FINNISH TEST AREA
• WINTER MAINTENANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS
• WINTER MAINTENANCE ON POROUS ASPHALT