00348686

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http://onlinepubs.trb.org...s/trr/1981/825/825-001.pdf

https://scholar.google.co...alye&publication_year=1981

The importance of waterborne delivery of crude oil, whether of foreign import or redistributed domestic, has become increasingly evident. Even with a stabilization of oil imports as mandated by the 1985 import ceiling of 8.5 million bbl/day or a decline in foreign imports, the redistribution of domestic oil from noncontiguous areas and territories, such as the Valdez port of the Alaskan oil fields, will most likely continue to increase. In addition, the ability of Gulf ports to process crude oil in a more cost-efficient manner, due to their extensive infrastructural capacity, will continue to attract foreign and redistributed domestic oil. In response to the increasing value of crude oil, cost-efficiency is necessary in every link of the shipping, distribution, redistribution, and transfer process of delivery. This paper, which focuses on one particular link in the process, has two primary objectives: (a) to review trends in lightering of crude oil from very large crude carriers by small tankers or lightering vessels off the Texas coast and investigate the characteristics of lightering operations based on present and projected conditions, and (b) to study and evaluate costs and environmental issues associated with lightering and two other options--an offshore deepwater port and an industry-proposed method of crude oil transfer. A brief review of waterborne crude oil delivery to the Texas Gulf Coast, a description of lightering operations, and a lightering model analysis with scenario applications are presented in pursuit of the first objective. The cost of transportation and adverse environmental impacts for each option are summarized in connection with the second objective. (Authors)

Publication of this paper sponsored by Committee on Inland Water Transportation. Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

01411633

pp 1-9

1981

Transportation Research Record

60th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board

0309032679

Print

Figures (14) ; Maps (1) ; References (6)

Assessments; Crude oil; Delivery service; Water transportation

Administration and Management; Economics; Finance; Highways; Marine Transportation; Society

TRIS, TRB

Jun 30 1982 12:00AM

• APPLICATION OF FREIGHT NETWORK MODEL TO COAL TRANSPORTATION STUDIES
• NAVIGATION ON THE WESTERN RIVERS
• OVERVIEW OF REGIONAL FLEETING AND INTERMODAL IMPLICATIONS
• Summary: Symposium on Inland Waterway User Charges, Capital Recovery Cost Issues, and Their Relationship to National Transportation Policy