01372747

Component

https://doi.org/10.3141/2280-19

http://scholar.google.com...nner&publication_year=2012

This study explored the relationships between land use entropy (the extent to which land uses are mixed, heterogeneous, and nonuniform) and motor vehicle accidents. Two aspects of entropy were considered: (a) the mix of jobs and housing and (b) the diversity of jobs in addition to the mix of jobs and housing. These measures were developed and tested with census data and geographic information system technologies combined with comprehensive police accident reports from the city and county of Honolulu, Hawaii. A grid-based approach was adopted with accident counts and negative binomial regression. Various types of accident counts were considered, including total, daytime, and nighttime accidents, as well as accidents involving tourists, nonuse of seat belts, and driving under the influence of alcohol. Grid-based characteristics were also considered, such as distance from the urban center, traffic volume, roadway length, transit use, land values, and roadway configuration (intersections versus dead ends). Although entropy plays a statistically significant role, especially for total accident counts, daytime accidents, and accidents involving tourists, the relationships involving effects such as volume, roadway length, distance to the central business district, and transit use are generally more readily detected than entropy effects. Although the research shed additional light on the complex and subtle relationships between land use and accidents, implications for both traffic safety and modeling of spatial phenomena were also apparent. Rather than examine accidents without consideration of driver characteristics and vehicle and roadway factors, this study estimated interactions between human and vehicle factors while also taking into account differences in environmental conditions and land uses that affect crashes at different spatial resolutions.

01474121

12-4105

English

pp 173–182

2012

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

9780309263214

Print

Figures; References; Tables

Crash reports; Entropy (Communications); Geographic information systems; Highway safety; Housing; Jobs; Land use; Traffic crashes

Negative binomial regression

Honolulu (Hawaii)

Data and Information Technology; Highways; Safety and Human Factors; I80: Accident Studies

TRIS, TRB, ATRI

Feb 8 2012 5:21PM

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